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But his fusion of white supremacy and environmental conservation also lingers.Įco-fascism relies heavily on a concept called "deep ecology," the idea that the only way to preserve life on Earth is to dramatically-forcefully, if necessary-reduce the human population. He published The Passing of the Great Race, or The Racial Basis of European History in 1916, warning of the decline of the "Nordic" race, and wrote elsewhere that his generation had "the responsibility of saying what forms of life shall be preserved." His racial theory inspired Anders Breivik, the man who massacred 77 people at a Norwegian youth camp in 2011. He was also a staunch supporter of race science who, as president of the Bronx Zoo, put Ota Benga, a member of the Mbuti tribe kidnapped from Congo, on display in a cage with apes in 1906. The movement's founding father was Madison Grant, who started the first organizations dedicated to protecting California redwoods and American buffalo. It's a belief that the only way to deal with climate change is through eugenics and the brutal suppression of migrants. But eco-fascism is not the fringe hippie movement usually associated with ecoterrorism.